laboratory diagnosis of diabetes mellitus pdf Laboratory diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels, which can lead to a range of health complications if not properly managed. Laboratory diagnosis plays a crucial role in the identification and management of diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Mellitus - Laboratory Diagnosis and Management
Laboratory diagnosis of diabetes mellitus involves the analysis of various parameters to assess blood glucose levels and other related factors. These diagnostic tests help in confirming the presence of diabetes mellitus and aid in determining the appropriate management strategies.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
The laboratory diagnosis of diabetes mellitus primarily relies on the measurement of blood glucose levels. The most commonly used test is the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, which determines the blood sugar level after an overnight fast. A level of 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher on two separate occasions is indicative of diabetes mellitus.
Another test that is often performed is the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). It involves measuring blood glucose levels before and two hours after consuming a glucose-rich beverage. A reading of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher two hours after the consumption confirms diabetes mellitus.
In addition to blood glucose tests, other laboratory investigations are also conducted to assess the risk factors and complications associated with diabetes mellitus. These tests include measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, which provide an indication of long-term blood glucose control. Elevated levels of HbA1c (6.5% or higher) suggest the presence of diabetes mellitus.
Furthermore, lipid profile tests are performed to assess the lipid levels in the blood, including total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Patients with diabetes mellitus often have abnormal lipid profiles, increasing their risk of cardiovascular complications.
Furthermore, kidney dysfunction is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, laboratory tests such as urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are conducted to assess kidney function. Elevated UACR and decreased eGFR indicate kidney damage, requiring appropriate management strategies.
In conclusion, laboratory diagnosis is an essential component in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Tests including fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and kidney function assessments aid in confirming diabetes mellitus and determining the appropriate treatment plans. By regularly monitoring these parameters, healthcare professionals can effectively manage diabetes mellitus and reduce the risk of associated complications.
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Diabetes Mellitus - (Part-3) – Laboratory Diagnosis And Management
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Diabetes Mellitus - (Part-3) – Laboratory Diagnosis And Management
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